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Lignocellulosic biomass is a chemically and morphologically heterogeneous material. This heterogeneity is in part responsible for the vast number of thermal decomposition products seen in pyrolysis events. While modeling of biomass pyrolysis has been a subject of much research in past years at length-scales ranging from macro to molecular, the majority of these works have focused on a range of continuum-based...
Partial oxidation presents a novel method to produce liquid fuels, such as gasoline, diesel and vacuum gas oil, from vacuum residue (VR). Al and Zr-doped α-Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared for partial oxidation of VR. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, H2 temperature programmed reduction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that...
Formation water intrusion into the coal seam through cross drainage boreholes seriously affects the gas extraction efficiency. Particularly in the downward boreholes, the formation water cannot be discharged through the drain. Using the conventional seepage model to estimate the effect of gas drainage will cause that the coal seam residual gas pressure is underestimated. In this paper, we construct...
Biodiesel production from non-edible oils is one of the effective approach to reduce cost of production, and solve part of the obstacles facing the availability of the traditional raw materials. The present investigation explores biodiesel production from mixed non-edible oils, castor seed oil (CSO) and waste fish oil (WFO). Different blends of WFO and CSO (10:90–50:50% WFO:CSO w/w) were implemented...
This study examined the feasibility of catalytic depolymerization of coal char obtained from the pyrolysis of low-rank coal at low temperature over iron-based catalyst to produce valuable chemicals. The depolymerization with or without the addition of ferric nitrate in a Gray-King assay reactor from 150 to 600°C was performed. Compared with 0.2% of organic liquid products generated from the depolymerization...
Carbon dioxide has been used successfully to enhance oil recovery while remitting greenhouse effects through its ability to be stored underground. Polyacrylamide-based super-absorbent polymer (PSAP) has been applied in oil fields to control CO2 production during CO2 flooding. However, no study has reported the performance of PSAP under CO2 flooding. This study illustrates the effects of the salinity...
The available data on intrinsic kinetic parameters of wood char combustion is limited in the literature. The intrinsic reactivity of porous char particles reflects the variance in the pore structure resulted from various compositions of parent biomass or coal fuels. In this study detailed kinetic models for calculating the intrinsic reaction rate and the Arrhenius parameters in two combustion zones...
The present work, for the first time, describes the efficacy of the cavitation process and compares the cavitation yield for two types of cavitation devices-one employing linear flow for the generation of cavities and other employing vortex flow. The process involves pre-programmed mixing of the organic and aqueous phases, and can be carried out using simple mechanical cavitating devices such as orifice...
Permeability is a crucial macroscopic parameter in characterizing fluid flow and mass transfer behavior in porous media. A great theoretical basis for permeability estimation has been provided by many traditional and recently presented fractal models. However, since the influence of overlying sediments, the low-permeability porous media such as natural rock and coal generally have lower permeability...
Methanol is now an important alternative fuel. A new multizones model was implemented to experimentally determine the fundamental explosion characteristics of method-air mixtures using a closed vessel. Experiments of the methanol-air mixtures at different initial conditions of temperature, pressures and equivalence were undertaken in a closed spherical vessel with central ignition. Firstly, methodology...
Four types of biomass-derived organics (toluene/1-methylnaphthalene/phenol/ethanol) were catalytically decomposed and steam reformed over Ni/α-Al2O3 for co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In the decomposition reaction, the oxygen functional group in phenol and ethanol promoted the co-production of hydrogen and CNTs, while a small amount of toluene and 1-methylnaphthalene were cracked...
Heteroatom doping is an attractive approach for improving the properties of carbon materials for various applications. In this study, a series of nitrogen-doped (N-doped) carbon-nanotube-supported Cu–Fe (xCun–Fem/yN-CNT) catalysts were prepared for CO hydrogenation to higher alcohols. The structural and textural properties of N-doped catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission...
Knowledge of mixed-gas adsorption behavior on shale is important for reserve estimation, production forecast, and carbon dioxide sequestration. In this work, we combined the multicomponent potential theory of adsorption (MPTA) with the hybrid perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state (hPC-SAFT EOS) to describe mixed-gas adsorption on shale. In the hPC-SAFT-MPTA model,...
Understanding the behavior of shale gas transport in kerogen is a key issue in predicting gas production. The reservoir structure is characterized by widespread micro/nanoscale pores, various occurrence states, and typical high pressure. An analytical model is proposed to effectively reveal the gas transport behavior in kerogen nanopores. The model can fully consider the real gas effect, gas slippage,...
The fuel properties put great impact on engine performance. Therefore, the adaptation of an alternative fuel to the existing engine may require some of the design modifications in order to have superior or almost identical performance. India is the largest producer of castor oil and it is the least explored feedstock to be used as alternative fuel in the form of biodiesel. Castor biodiesel has the...
Coal-based jet fuel is an important alternative energy source for aviation sector. To formulate the surrogate of a coal-based jet fuel, a hybrid mixing model based on explicit equations and artificial neural network (ANN) is developed to emulate fuel atomization characteristics and pollutant emissions in aero-engine combustor. Hydrogen–carbon ratio, molecular weight, and lower heating value are calculated...
In order to study the AIP (air injection process), a practical method was developed to obtain the kinetic data for an AIP by matching the simulation model results with the TGA (thermogravimetry analysis) experiments in our previous work. However, one shortcoming for that method is the non-uniqueness of the kinetic data obtained. The other shortcoming is that TGA cannot measure the exothermic characteristics...
Excess water production is a major problem in water-flooded mature oilfields. Recently, using microgel treatment as a conformance control method to reduce water production has drawn increasing attention in oil industry. The success of microgel treatments highly depends on in-depth understanding where and when microgel can be successfully applied, how to design the injection parameters, and how well...
The surface properties of coal play a crucial role in its flotation, therefore it is of great significance to investigate the changes in both chemical structure and surface morphology in oxidation process of low rank coal. In this paper, the mechanism of difficult floatation of oxidized coal was highlighted. The surface hydrophobicity and floatability of Meizhiyou long-flame coal before and after...
Small-scale, distributed and low cost biomass power generation technologies are highly required in the modern society. The biomass pretreatment process, that is, a combination of carbonization and pelletization processes of cedar wood were explored in this study. For the carbonization process, a novel carbonizer composed of one carbonization chamber and one combustion chamber was tested, and the mass...
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